Top Ten Diseases Leading to Death in the United States

The top 10 diseases (leading to death) in the United States per the center for disease control are listed below (most recent CDC info is from end of year 2006):

1) Heart disease: Heart disease was the number one cause of death from disease and accounted for 631,636 deaths. Ways to prevent heart disease per the Mayo clinic are

A) don't smoke. Smoking is deemed as one of the most significant factors in developing heart disease. Mayo adds smokeless tobacco and low-nicotine products as risky as well as exposure to second hand smoke.

B) Exercise. Adopting an exercise program that includes 30-60 minutes of cardio can be helpful in reducing the risk of heart disease. Mayo is careful to point out the fact that ANY exercise is better than none at all. So if you are unable to get 30-60 minutes in daily then do what you can. Things like Gardening, taking the stairs vs elevator and fun things like walking the dog can help to reduce risk.

C) Obviously, a health diet also helps to reduce the risk of heart disease.

D) Maintaining a health weight.

E) Regular health screenings.

2) Cancer: Cancer was the second leading cause of death by disease with a total of 559,888 deaths. A few things that you can do to help reduce risk are as follows:

A) Don't smoke,

B) Eat a variety of healthy foods including plant based foods.

C) Stay active and ultimately maintain a healthy weight.

D) Protect yourself from the sun. This is a difficult one for many who love to tan. Actually, exposure to the sun is directly associated with and the most common cause of skin cancer.

3) Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): Accounted for 137,119. Ways to avoid a stroke are as follows:

A) control high blood pressure. Test blood pressure regularly as it is known as the "silent killer".

B) lower you cholesterol and fat intake.

C) Don't smoke

D) Maintain a healthy weight

E) Exrcise regulary

F) Manage your stress.

4) Chronic lower respiratory diseases: Accounted for 124,583 deaths in 2006.

5) Accidents (unintentional injuries): Accounted for 121,599 deaths in 2006. Although this is not a disease, I found it interesting to see where accidents rank in regard to deaths.

6) Diabetes: Accounted for 72,449 deaths. Ways to control or avoid diabetes are as follows:

A) Controllling your weight.

B) Maintain an exercise program.

C) High blood pressure has also been linked with diabetes. When High blood pressure is paired with obesity it has been associated with resistance to insulin.

7) Alzheimer's disease: Accounted for 72,432 deaths.

8) Influenza and Pneumonia: Accounted for 56,326 deaths. Prevention includes:

A) annual flu shots.

B) washing your hands

C) eat right and sleep well. Eating poorly and lack of sleep can lower your immune system which opens the door to sickness.

D) Exercise (are you noticing a pattern?)

9) Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: Accounted for 45,344 deaths. Prevention includes: A) not using alcohol or drugs and B) closely following doctors recommendations in regard to managing chronicconditions that increase risk of kidney failure.

10) Septicemia: Accounted for 34,234 deaths. I must admit that I had no idea of what Septicmia was. So I am sure that there are others who don't. The definition is a systemic disease caused by the multiplication of microorganisms in the blood. Over simplified, it is blood poisoning.

The Pros and Cons of Gaming

Are you amongst those people who love playing video games more than anything? More than being in school? Or playing basketball with your friends? Or hanging out with friends? The truth is that everyone loves games whether you are old or young; there is no age limit in whether you can play a particular game or not, right? Gaming has become a source of entertainment for everyone including adults. Let's talk about the pros and cons of gaming, how gaming is beneficial in certain situations and not so much in some.

The Pros of Gaming:

1) Great source of entertainment and Good stress reliever: Mostly all groups of ages are vulnerable to stress; whether it's from working long hours, being in school all day, or encountering stressful situations at home. The most effective way to avoid stress is to stay away from stressful situations and embrace positive views in life. And this can be done by doing what you enjoy to do. If playing games is what makes you happy, then it's worth playing video or online games for awhile to ease your stress.

2) Fine socializing gadget: With modern day technologies, what made gaming even more popular now is the fact that people can play games with other random people online. Moreover, by playing with random people and communicating with them allows making new friends and a means of socializing with other people who tend to have the same interest which makes playing a game even more fun. So, in a way gaming is a teenagers or anyone's friend because it entertains there young brains as long as they are playing good games.

The Cons of Gaming:

1) Bridging apart from Real World: some people are so involved in the world of gaming that they can't see through pass that. They lose interest in outdoor activities; lag behind in school as they don't find education and doing homework as much fun as playing video games; like being in home all day to play their games.

2) Damage to Eyesight and increased risk of Obesity: As much amusing and enjoyable gaming is doesn't it make oneself a couch potato? When people love gaming so much and find it so pleasurable they tend to lag behind on other important things. Their life is just limited to that one room in which they can just sit and play games all day, and that's what comforts them and makes them happy. This can become a long term health issue as if you stay home all day in a couch playing games you tend to eat lot of junk food and in lot more quantity compared to going out and playing ball with friends which takes up some energy. Moreover, by sitting all day and being not involved any physical work can also extend the risk of obesity. Furthermore, let's not forget starring at the computer screen or TV for a long period of time playing games is very damaging to eyes and can weaken eyesight in long term.

The bottom line is that everyone should enjoy doing what they love; in this case playing games, but also be proactive and take care of your own health. Play games but for a short period of time and get more involved in outdoor activities and focus on your education as well.

Self-Gratification (Loving the Skin You're In!)

"For bodily exercise profiteth little..." 1 Timothy 4:8a [NKJV]

Oprah Winfrey, Kelly Price, Kirstie Alley, Star Jones, Mary-Kate Olsen, Nicole Richie, and Karen Carpenter---each of these ladies share a common denominator-weight issues. Most of us could add our names to the list, whether we feel that we are too fat or too thin; it is still a grave issue. In my opinion, this is one of the greatest contributors to low self-esteem. Many of us spend too much time trying to change our looks. Very few of us embrace and love the skin we are in!

At the start of a new year, countless women and men flood to the local gymnasiums to fulfill that annual "New Year's Resolution"--to shed those unwanted pounds. Women of all shapes and sizes stand in long lines for their opportunity to walk briskly on treadmills, bounce on oversized balls, exercise to upbeat music in aerobics classes, and firm their physique in the weight training zone. We usually continue this routine for a few weeks or so, and then we are back to business as usual, until the next New Year's Resolution. Wasted time and wasted money and why? The answer is simple-conformity to society's standard. According to the National Health Statistics, the average height for a woman is 5'5", and the average weight is from 117 to 130 pounds. I believe these standards are based on a specific race and are not universal. The body composition for a Caucasian woman with no hips is quite different from an African American woman with much hip. Therefore, who is to say what is "standard"?

At one point in my writings, I questioned the significance of this chapter on weight and self-gratification; however, two television shows that I viewed this week, changed my opinion. The first was an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show, which dealt with how other countries defined beauty. "Thin is definitely in" in Brazil! The ladies there spend a vast amount of money on plastic surgery and Botox. According to a guest on the show, Iranian women have an obsession with their noses and spend a considerable amount of money on plastic surgery, also. The most diverse definition of beauty was found in a country in West Africa called, Mauritania. In Mauritania, "plump is sexy". In fact they practice gavage, better known as "forced feeding", to make the young ladies fatter and more desirable. They stuff these young ladies with couscous and milk until their stomachs are so full that they vomit. After the vomiting, the women start the "force feeding" again. Thin women are classified as "sick" in Mauritania and are not suitable for marriage. In Mauritania, thin women are probably the ones with low self-esteem. My point being, beauty is defined differently depending on the region in which you live. I guess we can reiterate that, "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder!"

Focusing on weight can truly affect one's confidence level. The second show that I viewed this week was a reality show found on the CW network entitled, Stylista. Stylista follows the competition of a group of fashion lovers seeking the opportunity to work for the fashion magazine, Elle. The contestants are divided into teams. Each week the teams are given a challenge to impress the fashion news director of Elle, Anne Slowey. The least favorable team stands in jeopardy of one member of the team being eliminated. On the first show the contestants were introduced. One of the contestants was a full-figured brunette named Danielle; who had a great flair for fashion; and seemed to be very self-confident. Due to other commitments, I missed about three or so episodes and decided to tune in last night. The editorial task was to select clothing from Elle's closet in preparation for a party where the contestants would host a "meet and greet". This posed a problem for Danielle because there was no plus size clothing in the closet. The once seemingly-confident Danielle, who stood tall in the first episode, now cowered on the floor crying, four episodes later, because there were no clothes to fit her. On top of that, she asked two of the smaller contestants what they thought about her size. Bad idea! One of the women said that high fashioned clothes looked better on "tall, thin women", and that she thought that they (thin women) were more attractive. Poor Danielle! The insecurity concerning her weight, which she tried so hard to mask, became transparent. She also fell for the oldest trick in the book; she asked her competitor/dragon to validate her fear. The object of the show was to eliminate the competition so that the last person standing would receive the position as editorial assistant for Elle magazine. This woman did what any rival would do-she went for the Achilles' heel of her opponent. Since Danielle verbalized her insecurity about her weight by asking this self-destructing question, she opened up "Pandora's box", succumbed to the attack, and was sent home.

This is a cruel, cruel world when it comes to prejudices on weight. In the United States, we are "brainwashed" to believe that "thin is better". Very thin supermodels parade the runways projecting the image of the acceptable size. Even the label "plus size" indicates some type of abnormality. Plus what? The same "so-called abnormality" is seen as the standard of beauty in Mauritania! Wow, what a mix up! That is why I say, "Love the skin that you're in!" Let me interject; however, if the skin you're in is causing you some health issues, then perhaps you have over- or under- managed your weight. Obesity can cause serious health risks! According to WIN (Weight-control Information Network), "Many serious medical conditions have been linked to obesity, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. Obesity is also linked to higher rates of certain types of cancer." In contrast, anorexia nervosa is just as risky and could be deadly! "Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychological illness that can have devastating physical consequences. Twenty percent of anorexics die of their illness, many from heart attacks and starvation."

Ladies, I understand the overbearing need of conformity to weight standards. I was married to a man who told me that if I gained weight; he would divorce me--and he was serious. I ate so many grapefruits to maintain my "size 10" dress size that I experienced acid reflux. Sisters, it is manipulation and control when someone threatens you to maintain your weight; you have to be in control of your own body. The Apostle Paul instructs us to be content in whatever state we are in:

"I am not saying this because I am in need, for I have learned to be content whatever the circumstances. I know what it is to be in need, and I know what it is to have plenty. I have learned the secret of being content in any and every situation, whether well fed or hungry, whether living in plenty or in want. I can do everything through him who gives me strength." [Philippians 4: 11-13 NIV]

Ladies, learn to love the body that God gave you! Whether tall, short, fat or thin; love the skin you're in! Remember that you are "fearfully" and "wonderfully" made (Psalm 139:14). You are beautiful inside and out! Do not let the media, magazines, and music moguls box you into a standard of beauty. Beauty comes in all shapes, colors, and sizes! See yourself beautiful! Face the journey...!

Adapt Your Bodybuilding Routines for Your Body Type

It's fairly obvious that no two humans beings are exactly the same, thus it should come as no surprise that different people need to train in different ways and have different bodybuilding routines. One of the primary factors that will help you become a successful bodybuilder is to understand your own body, to realize what your limits are and to appreciate how your body will react under stress. Therefore in order to make the most of your bodybuilding routines and workouts you must know your body type and understand how it will affect your training.

Scientists have developed a body type classification system based on a number of factors and everybody falls into one of the following three categories (you may fall in-between, as these are quite generalized): endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph. Once you have established your body type, you can them adjust your bodybuilding routine, training program and lifestyle accordingly. You should also speak to your doctor to get their advice before you start training and to get a check up.

The first category we shall look at is the endomorph body type. Endomorphs usually find it really quite easy to gain muscle mass, but also they find it very easy to put on weight. Thus having a great deal of self discipline is required to control your diet if you're to be a successful bodybuilder. A great tip for endomorphs is to eat 6 small meals at regular intervals throughout the day to ward off hunger and snacking on junk food. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and don't eat anything for at least a few hours before going to bed to facilitate fat loss. Endomorphs tend not to have too much difficultly putting on muscle mass, however if you want good definition in your muscles you'll need to do plenty of cardiovascular training such as running. Doing this should increase your muscular definition by burning off excess fat. If you can, do your cardio training after your weights to burn off even more fat.

The next category we shall look at is the ectomorph body type. These are people who are generally tall, thin and have long arms and legs; they naturally have virtually no fat. Most ectomorphs often find themselves in endurance sports such as x-country running or athletics (high jump), however they can and do also become professional bodybuilders. The main thing that ectomorphs need to do is to start eating more of the right healthy foods, thus increasing the calorie intake to put on weight and build muscle. They should focus on weight training as opposed to cardio vascular training and train to failure so you can't lift the last weight of a set. Make sure that you're lifting weights at least 3-4 days a week, with a rest day between sessions to allow optimum recovery and muscle growth.

The final category are the mesomorphs, which fall in between the other two categories and are often the envy of the other two body types, as mesomorphs find it easy to build muscle and keep off fat. However, this can often lead to a false sense of security as having this mindset leads to missed training sessions, which eventually catches up with them. If you are a mesomorph just starting bodybuilding, don't change the amount you eat, but eat healthier and make sure you are eating enough protein to facilitate muscle growth. Mix up your training sessions to incorporate both full body work out sessions and those to target specific muscle groups to improve definition.

It doesn't matter what your body type is if you want to be a successful bodybuilder, just adjust your training routines and your eating habits accordingly. Be dedicated and passionate and you will achieve your goals.

Steps for Good Physical Fitness

Have you ever wondered why some people can't get enough physical fitness while others couldn't be bothered to get off the couch? Physical fitness is the performance of some activity that helps keep you fit and overall healthy.

Physical fitness helps keep you in a shape. You'll be more toned, your heart will be in much better shape, you'll have a lower risk of getting diabetes, and you'll actually come to look forward to it because it relaxes the mind. And shouldn't all of us have a little fun?

There are three different types of physical fitness activities. Flexible exercises help improve your muscles, joints, and it also improves the range of motion you have. Aerobic exercises which include walking increase your endurance and your cardiovascular health. Anaerobic exercises which include weight training increase your short term muscle strength. Participate in one or all.

Physical exercise is important to your over all physical fitness which includes strong and healthy muscles and joints, strengthening of the overall frame, reducing risks for accidents that might lead to surgery. It's also good for your physiological well being and your sense of well being.

Physical fitness isn't stand alone. Proper nutrition is also an important ingredient to overall good health. When you combine fitness and nutrition you get health with a capital H. And when you are healthy you are sick less, you feel great, and you stay younger much longer.

Proper rest, combined with physical fitness, and a healthy nutritious diet is the secret to longevity - not really a secret at all is it? Wouldn't it be wonderful if jumped on the bandwagon and became more concerned with our health?

Schools around the country are encouraging physical fitness which has fallen by the way side for many years. It's where it needs to start. For physical fitness when started at a young age becomes as regular as reading and writing. By teaching our children at such a young age we are working towards a generation that is less obese, and much more active kids. After all isn't it time we returned to a healthier lifestyle.

Physical Fitness is wonderful but if you want all that exercise to be beneficial you need to make sure that you are getting your proper rest so that your muscles can rest and recover from the exercise. If the rest is not adequate you can land up injuring yourself.

When you begin to consider what benefits there are to you once you decide to get involved with physical fitness you will quickly realize that you should have gone this direction much earlier. And if you have kids you should be getting them involved at the youngest age possible.

It wasn't that many years ago physical fitness was mandatory in our schools but for many schools that's no longer so unless parents step up to the plate and make sure their kids are getting enough physical activity they could be working only their thumbs on the game machine.

Physical fitness is a great way to keep yourself toned, in shape, and feeling great about yourself. Those that exercise look younger and they also tend to get sick a lot less. So what are you waiting for?

Warning: Lack of Exercise Is Detrimental To Your Health

You just put in a good 10 hour day in front of your computer screen, and the last thing you want to do is exercise. Let's see, exercise, and improve your fitness level, or sit down with a glass of wine and watch your favorite evening television show. What would you do?

Seventy percent of individuals know they should exercise, but

choose the wine and the television program instead.

Do you know this simple daily decision can end up being detrimental to your health? According to the USCDC, 54.1% of adults don't do the minimum level of exercise or physical activity recommended for wellness. The slogan "use it or lose it" has never been more true.

The simple innocent choice of not exercising has shown, in studies, to promote 10 serious health conditions you don't ever want to develop. The bottom line is physical inactivity has a lot of unhealthy implications even at our bodies cellular level. At the cellular level, inactivity decreases

the ability to transfer oxygen from your blood stream to your cells, and also decreases the number of power activating mitochondria. However, the worst cost of not exercising or being physically active can result in the following 10 devastating conditions:

1. CANCER - Studies have shown that fitness enthusiastic men and women who are physically active have a 30 to 40 percent lower risk of colon cancer compared to individuals who are inactive.

2. DIABETES - Studies show lack of regular physical exercise increases insulin sensitivity. Diabetes is considered the "sedentary disease" which is striking people at an alarming rate. If it is not controlled, it can destroy the body's organs.

3. HEART - Lack of consistent physical activity, over time, decreases the function of the heart muscle, affects the blood vessels, including the large aortic artery to the veins and small capillaries. According to many studies, scientists have good reason to believe that regular exercise protects the

heart.

4. STROKE - Regular exercisers are 25% less likely to have a stroke than their sedentary counterparts. Being fit lowers blood pressure, raises HDL cholesterol, and reduces the risk of blood clots.

5. BRAIN - People who are physically active, according to solid evidence, are at lower risk for cognitive decline and dementia.

6. MUSCLES - If you don't exercise on a regular basis, you are at risk of losing some 6 percent of your muscles mass every decade of life from the age of 30 on. This also translates into a 10 - 15 percent loss of strength per decade. Once again, if you don't use the muscle, you will lose the muscle quickly.

7. OSTEOPOROSIS - Fragile bones cause more than 1.5 million fractures each year in the U.S. Bone is like muscle, if you stress it, it responds. If you don't, you gradually lose its strength, and increase your chances of breaking them. Regular weekly strength training can help prevent osteoporosis, and decrease your chances of breaking a bone.

8. MENTAL HEALTH - People who don't exercise on a regular basis are more prone to develop depression. According to a recent study, people who were more active were nearly 20 percent less likely to be diagnosed with depression over the next five years than less active people. Fitness conscious individuals also generally display an improved self esteem, or self image.

9. WEIGHT - If you are inactive, year in and year out, you will eventually gain weight and lose fitness which increases the chance of a heart attacks, and diabetes.

10. IMMUNE SYSTEM - Moderate amounts of exercise reduces the

risk of upper respiratory infection. Regular exercise may boost

immune function.

Now I would like to ask that same question I asked above. What

would you do? Wine and television, or physical activity?

Now for the good news! In as little as 30 minutes of exercise or

fitness work each day, you can significantly decrease your chances of developing any of these horrible conditions mentioned above. This is the best "medicine" any doctor can possibly prescribe!

I hope I have encouraged you to become more physically

active today, and beyond. Your quality of life depends upon

it. Consider these the most important words you will hear

today!

Remember, you have a choice. Make the fitness choice.

_______________________________________________

For information on how to develop a fitness program

which delivers twice the results in half the time, visit

Wellness Word Multimedia Newsletter at http://www.WellnessWord.com

________________________________________________

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How Does Phentermine Work? Learn How To Stop Neurotransmitter Depletion

Why has Phentermine stopped helping me lose weight?

Many people are experiencing the same problem you face right now. We’re all in the same boat when it comes to being frustrated about Phentermine tolerance. For some of us, the appetite suppression diminishes within a few weeks of beginning treatment. Others enjoy the effects for a longer time, but we all seem develop tolerance eventually. So, I decided to step up to the plate and help you continue toward your weight loss goals.

Phentermine, like many other prescription drugs, works with chemicals called neurotransmitters in your brain. It actually stimulates your neuron bundles to release a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines, these include dopamine, epinephrine (formally known as adrenalin), and norepinephrine (noradrenalin). They signal a fight or flight response in your body which, in turn, puts a halt to the hunger signal. As a result, you lose your appetite because your brain doesn’t receive the hunger message. This is perhaps due to phentermine’s affects on leptin levels in the brain. It is theorized that phentermine can raise levels of leptin which signal satiety. It is also theorized that increased levels of the catecholamines are partially responsible for halting another chemical messenger know as neuropeptide Y. This chemical initiates eating, decreases energy expenditure, and increases fat storage.

What are Neurotransmitters?

Neurotransmitters are chemicals in your nervous system and brain. They act as messengers, relaying electrical messages between the cells (neurons) of the nervous system or brain. Some people have naturally low levels of neurotransmitters. This condition may lead to diseases such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and obesity, and others.

How do prescription appetite suppresants work?

Prescription drugs work by moving neurotransmitters from one place to another, but do nothing to increase the supply of neurotransmitters in the nervous system or brain. These drugs trick your brain into thinking there are more neurotransmitters than there actually are. Because of this, your brain slows down the production of neurotransmitters.

Has Phentermine permanently depleted my supply of neurotransmitters?

We know of no studies which have shown that Phentermine can cause permanent depletion of your body’s supply of neurotransmitters in the brain and nervous system. After thorough research on the depletion of neurotransmitters by prescription drugs, we’ve concluded that it is possible to reverse the negative effects of Phentermine usage.

An independent team of researchers has developed a solution called amino acid therapy. This method of replenishing the supply of neurotransmitters is discussed below.

What steps can I take to make Phentermine effective again?

Section 1: Amino Acid Therapy

You can do a number of things that will help to reverse the depletion of neurotransmitters by Phentermine. The first is, as mentioned in Section 2, therapy using the basic amino acids that promote production of neurotransmitters. To undergo therapy, you can take two supplements which are currently known to improve the situation.

The first supplement you can use is called D5. Developed by a company called Neuroreplete, it is designed to be used in combination with another supplement, CysReplete. It is also crucial to take a multivitamin in conjunction with these supplements to ensure adequate amounts of B vitamins which are essential to maintaining proper metabolism of nutrients in the body. If there are insufficient B vitamins ready for controlling bodily functions, they might be taken from the supplements. B vitamins are co-factors for the production of neurotransmitters from amino acids, if your body borrows them from the supplements, the production of neurotransmitters is compromised.

NOTE: Neuroreplete states that in order to use D5 safely and effectively, patients must use proper dosing of Cysreplete. Prolonged use of D5 without proper CysReplete dosage has been proven to result in irreversible dyskinesias. Dyskinesias are neurological conditions characterized by sudden episodes of abnormal involuntary muscle movements. For your safety, you need to read more about this warning.

Visit D5 page on the NeuroReplete website below:

[http://www.neuroreplete.com/D5.htm]

Dosing and safety testing instructions for using Neuroreplete’s supplements

may be found at this web page:

[http://www.neuroreplete.com/rx.htm]

You can purchase the D5 and CysReplete supplements at the Longevity Medical Center website, operated by Hans D. Gruenn, MD. Do not proceed with a purchase until you have talked with your physician about treatment. Your physician is the only one who can decide what dosage you should take, or if you can take these supplements at all. Proper dosage may differ between different people.

Section 2: Less Complicated Forms Of Therapy

Studies from the Wayne Diet Clinic Nutrition Guide show that lemon water can help prevent or slow tolerance to Phentermine. The formula for lemon water contains:

2-3 ounces of lemon juice

1 quart of water

The Wayne Diet Clinic has also found that avoiding drinking sodas and other caffeinated beverages can help slow or prevent Phentermine tolerance. This is because caffeine speeds up metabolism, which has a diuretic effect and in turn causes you to excrete Phentermine from your body much more quickly through urine.

Making an overall improvement in your eating habits might play a large role in improving your production of neurotransmitters as well as other vital chemicals in the body. Since amino acids are the building blocks of neurotransmitters it is essential to ensure adequate protein in the diet. I am in no way a licensed doctor, dietician, or nutritionist; but if there was any diet I would recommend, it would be the Zone Diet. I used to have to try hard to follow the diet, balancing protein and carbohydrates, but in no time, my body was used to the diet and I was almost disgusted by unhealthy foods or unhealthy amounts of food in general. My brain power and energy shot up, as well as my overall physical condition. So, I must recommend that you try the Zone Diet in combination with taking Phentermine. Trust me, it will probably be the 2nd best decision you’ve ever made in your life!

You may look over the Zone Diet website here:

http://www.zonediet.com

What substances should I avoid to help enable Phentermine?

You should avoid caffeinated foods and drinks as much as possible. Caffeine is a naturally-occurring substance found in the leaves, seeds or fruits of over 63 plant species worldwide and is part of a group of compounds known as methylxanthines.

The most commonly known sources of caffeine are coffee and cocoa beans, cola nuts and tea leaves. Caffeine is a pharmacologically active substance and, depending on the dose, can be a mild central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine does not accumulate in the body over the course of time and is normally excreted within several hours of consumption. It is toxic in large doses.

Caffeine speeds up the excretion of Phentermine from your body. Because of this, Phentermine has less time to suppress your appetite.

In the human brain, the centers which tell your body whether you’re hungry or full are controlled by neurotransmitters. Increased levels of the neurotransmitters called norepinephrine and dopamine suppress the feeding center. Increased levels of norepinephrine in the satiety center stimulate eating, while increased levels of serotonin in the satiety center suppress the appetite.

Some researchers theorize that tolerance to Phentermine 37.5 and other doses is due to the fact that there is a limited amount of norepinephrine in the human system, and that those limited stores are depleted by repeated administration of phentermine. Others believe that the cells that respond to phentermine or norepinephrine become exhausted after repeated stimulation. Another theory is that the body is able to metabolize and excrete phentermine more and more efficiently as time passes. Eventually, the drug is metabolized so rapidly that effective blood levels are not maintained long enough for the drug to exert the desired therapeutic effect.

General Phentermine Facts:

The following non-bold, bulleted text was taken and adapted (into bullet points) from the Wayne Diet Clinic web site:

• Phentermine is available in several dosages and forms. The form produced and distributed by Medeva Pharmaceuticals is a 30 milligram capsule known as Ionamin. The active drug is bound to a resin complex that releases the drug over time.

• Fastin was a form of Phentermine produced by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals. It supplied as a 30 milligram capsule. This brand name is no longer sold, but is available in its generic counter-part, the blue-white capsules.

• The form of the drug produced and distributed by Gate Pharmaceuticals is a 37.5 milligram pill known as Adipex-P.

• Neither Fastin or Adipex-P has timed-release characteristics.

• Adipex-P reaches a higher level in the bloodstream than any other form, but it is cleared from the bloodstream faster than the timed-release form. (7)

• There are generic forms of Fastin and Adipex-P, but there is not a generic form of Ionamin available.

• There is also a generic phentermine hydrochloride (the form of the drug used in Fastin and Adipex-P) that is available in a 15 milligram dose.

• One of the most frequently asked questions at the clinic by patients is whether they should use the brand name or the generic form of the drug. Most patients believe that brand name and generic drugs are identical. In reality, generic drugs can be compared to generic foods or other generic products, in that there are appreciable and measurable differences between brand name and generic products. Also, one company’s generic product can differ from the generic product of another company, and there are several companies that produce generic phentermine in pill and capsule form.

• A brand name product has to be within a five percent tolerance of the ideal, with the ideal being defined as 100% bioavailability of the drug.

• Bioavailability is defined as the percentage of the drug dose ingested that actually enters the system and reaches its target organ or action site.

• Generic brands can meet the lower standard of being within 25% of the ideal, and still be marketed under the name of the parent compound.

• Because of the wide variation in patient response to phentermine, there is no hard and fast rule that can be adhered to in regard to the brand versus generic issue.

• Each patient must try all forms and brands of the drug to ascertain which is the most effective and well-tolerated form for their particular circumstances.

• In our experience, the main reason to prescribe Fastin rather than Adipex-P is in those patients who experience side effects such as insomnia, jitteriness, irritability, or palpitations, with the higher dose of phentermine that is present in Adipex-P. Ionamin would also be an appropriate drug in those circumstances, since the resinated (timed-release) form of phentermine is associated with lower peak blood levels of the drug. Higher peak blood levels of phentermine are associated with more undesirable side effects in some individuals. Most patients at our clinic (88%) prefer brand or generic Adipex-P, as they perceive that the higher dose gives them greater appetite control.

You may find the full Wayne Diet Clinic text at their official website:

http://www.waynedietclinic.com/csb/csb9.html

For extra information from the Wayne Diet Clinic, visit their homepage:

http://www.waynedietclinic.com/

Now it’s your turn to educate me!

I would appreciate it very much if you could contribute more information to be added to this report. I am not a nutritionist, doctor, or research scientist. I am just trying to help remove some of the fog in the world of Phentermine tolerance. I am no expert, and this report is the result of non-professional research. I know many Phentermine users who are much more educated than I am in this field, so if you happen to be one of those people, please let me know if I’ve provided incorrect information, or if you would like to add something to the report.

I do hope my Phentermine tolerance report has been beneficial to you in some way. If it has, please let me know at your convenience, as I always love to hear your opinions and questions.

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The main point is as follows: Consult your medical doctor or physician before taking any actions based on the information provided in this document, the Phentermine Report.

Your Sacral Chakra & Your Health - Fertility, Desire, Creativity & Your Hips

Quick question.

Do you always have tight hips or hamstrings?  Can you touch your toes?

Yes on the tightness and no on the toe-touching?

Did you know that these two things are directly related to an imbalance in your Sacral Chakra?

Tightness or stiffness in a joint can be correlated to an energy blockage in the chakra, or power center, that presides over it.  In this case, your second chakra is in charge.

Svadhishthana- your sacral energy center-  is one of the most common chakras to see an energy block.

Case in point, tight hips and leg muscles.

The tightness is literally holding the energy back, or holding it in as the case may be.  While you may attribute this tightness to some other physical stressor, I believe that by becoming more mindful of what is going on with you body, then you can begin to see patterns or habits that are quite possibly directly related to you sacral or sexual chakra.

In some instances, the word "sacral" can be substituted for the word "sexual",  however, I believe that this energy center is really so much more.

It is directly related to your reproductive system- hence, sexual chakra- but also to your creativity as well as desire, relationships and change.

How are you doing when it comes to your reproductive system, creativity, desire and relationships?  How well do you adapt to change?

Just as in other chakra power centers, an imbalance in this one can result in your body sending subtle or not so subtle signals to your brain.

Are you listening to what it has to say?

And if you are truly listening, what are you doing about it?

An imbalance here can physically manifest as infertility, bladder problems, allergies, internal power struggles and, as mentioned above,  tightness in the hips and muscles around the hips.

Interestingly enough, an imbalance here could also result in obesity.  I say this with a little trepidation because I don't want you to think that you now have something to blame.

Let's take a step back.

What did I mean when I included internal power struggles above?

My intention was to draw a picture for you in terms of a concrete concept for a non-concrete idea.

You can imagine power struggles to be between "good" and "bad", in essence, a fight for the creation of either dominance or  balance between the two.

What if this power struggle was more of a process that had to do with the balancing of giving and receiving?

If I may draw a very loose parallel, reproduction- a huge part of the sacral chakra- is a balance of giving and receiving between a man and a woman.

Why could we not also relate that balance between giving and receiving to everything else this chakra governs?

Obesity or being overweight is an imbalance between giving and receiving.  You are "taking" more calories into your body than you are "giving" back.

The same could be said for your relationships.  Is there a balance between both giving and receiving?

Is there a balance with your desire or with your creative expression?

Where do you freely express yourself and where do you hold yourself back?

Along the same line, are you over-expressing yourself?  Is there a line where you cross over into overindulgence?

This is a most interesting chakra because it really does have a huge impact on the way we could all potentially live our lives.

So how do we incorporate all of this into our path towards greater health?

Or can we?

This balancing act between giving and receiving is a huge issue.  You are forced to decide where you stand- either to the point of overindulgence, extravagance, flamboyance or on the other end, vulnerability, tightness and chronic holding back or withdrawal.

The good news is that it's never a black or white issue like you may imagine it to be.  The bad news is that we are already so caught up in the need to define ourselves that our emotions are so intertwined withe our definition of good or bad.

So what can we do?

If you find that you are blocked here, if you find that you are holding yourself back emotionally, that you feel "tight" or restricted, then the only choice you have is to find out what the cause or causes are.

Approach this from a gentle point of view because this can be a long-term or long-standing issue.

My personal suggestions run the gamut of gentle, restorative yoga to massage.  to any type of creative expression like dancing, drawing or singing.

But the most important step is that of acceptance.

Accept who you are, what you are and what you are capable of.

This is where true freedom exists and where you can find a stronger, more in balance sacral chakra.

Knowledge is Power - Debunked Part 1

Exposing the flaws in one of our most popular expressions

Part 1

In the past few years, how many times have you heard the phrase "Knowledge is Power?"

If your experience is anything like mine, then you've probably heard the phrase hundreds of times.

Since the New Year began every personal development coach or "guru" that I have read, heard or seen, has used the phrase with absolute conviction and authority as though it should never be examined or questioned!

Because I have never been a follower of the masses and believe that most "conventional wisdom" is foolishness, I decided to examine the phrase in light of the facts. My goal was simple: determine if "knowledge" truly produces POWER in the recipients life. Though I had held the belief that knowledge produced power and promoted the saying often, there was still a gap between "knowing and doing" that provided a measure of doubt.

The more I researched and compared the lives of those around me, the more my heart and conscience screamed, no way, this popular phrase is not true. If it is, then something is wrong with the Knowledge (information and facts) that many are getting. It was obvious that most of the "knowledge holders" in my circles, lacked the POWER or ability to complete or fulfill the very things that the said "knowledge" is alleged to empower them to do. You may have to read that again!

As I embark on this journey to expose you to my conclusions regarding this popular phrase, I know that there will be some of you who will read this and still disagree. Confirming that the influence of this statement upon society, the business world and popular-culture is extensive! So at the outset, I want to say that it is okay if you decide to disagree.

However, my research and experience has revealed that if any unbiased, thinking-person were to examine closely the "conventional wisdom" that is normally referred to, when the phrase "knowledge is Power" is promoted; they would be forced to conclude that more "information and facts" does not equate to a change in what a person will or will not do.

Don't get me wrong

I am not saying that knowledge cannot provide an advantage in many areas of an individuals life. On the contrary, anyone that knows me, know that one of my passions is promoting the importance of continued education and learning for the purpose of "soul" development. Unfortunately though, many who complete 4+ years of college or further education have no greater "POWER"' to deal with everyday challenges, disappointments or to do the things that they KNOW they should or desire to do. Later on I will provide the reason and solution for this.

So what is Power?

Webster's Dictionary, defines Power as "...the ability to act or produce an effect."                                                                                                                 

So let's apply that simple definition to the phrase, "KNOWLEDGE IS POWER" and see if it pans out.

Conventional Wisdom promoted by the "gurus" says,

• You are not what you aught to be


• You don't have what you aught to have


• You are unable to do what you would like to do... because you lack the knowledge.

If this is true, then we should have less individuals struggling with smoking, alcoholism, obesity, pornography and poverty. We should also have better marriages, disciplined children, financial prosperity, peaceful relationships, successful businesses, growing churches etc. What about the ability to make healthier choices? How many individuals do you know who "KNOW" a relationship, a certain kind of food, or even certain habits are destructive, yet their knowledge does not empower them to stop or go in another direction?

In our next article we will define Knowledge, uncover the origins of the phrase "Knowledge is Power" and look at what Napoleon Hill, author of "Think and Grow Rich" had to say about Knowledge is Power! I hope you will continue with me on this journey. It could be life changing!

What Is Diabetes Mellitus Type 2?

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 otherwise known as Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) results from reduced insulin sensitivity or the inability to secrete insulin. It usually occurs in older adults and is the most common form of diabetes mellitus. It is progressive and patients eventually require the use of injected insulin rather than treatment with oral drugs.

The on-set of NIDDM is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and its prevalence is increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries. It also increases the risk of other diseases such as cardiovascular disease retinopathy and stroke.

Once carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose it needs to pass into the body cells that need it, but it cannot cross through the cell membrane itself. Insulin must bind to proteins (receptors) in the cell membranes. This triggers a mechanism that allows the glucose to be transported inside the cell.

In NIDDM glucose cannot be transported into the cells due to either the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or an abnormal receptor on the cell membrane that prevents insulin from binding. If insulin can't bind to the receptor the glucose is prevented from being transported inside the cell. This leads to insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance therefore means that insulin is present but can't be put to use. It requires higher than normal levels of circulating insulin before a normal effect can be seen.

The role of leptin in NIDDM is unclear but leptin levels are found to be high with this disease. Insulin is known to enhance leptin production.

Resistance exercise is known to reduce the effect of insulin resistance and risk of developing NIDDM. When exercise begins the body increases and maintains the blood glucose levels to provide fuel for the exercising muscles.

Adrenaline is also released during exercise. It increases heart rate to cope with the demand for oxygen. Adrenaline also suppresses insulin secretion so that more insulin stays in the blood ready for use.

If the diabetic patient has high levels of insulin while exercising then the adrenaline cannot reduce the insulin levels enough. So blood glucose levels may drop too far and cause hypoglycaemia.

Therefore exercise may prove to be a problem for diabetic sufferers. However it has been noted that if patients undergo an exercise regime for as little as one week insulin sensitivity is improved.

Metformin is given orally to treat NIDDM. Insulin sensitivity is improved so glucose use is increased.

It is possible to reduce the risk of developing NIDDM if certain lifestyle changes are made. According to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence there are 1.6million people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in England and Wales. 85% of these people have NIDDM.

It has been estimated that 5% of the healthcare budget is spent on care for NIDDM sufferers. 10% of hospital budgets are spent on caring for these patients and treating the complications brought about by poor management of the disease.

Complications of diabetes mellitus include renal disease, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, stroke and limb amputation. All of which may be prevented or delayed, freeing up bed space and reducing waiting times on hospital waiting lists.

NIDDM is most prevalent in developed countries and is increasing in others where lifestyle changes are becoming more sedentary. Research shows that genetic and environmental factors both play a part in the disease. However risk of developing NIDDM or insulin resistance can be reduced if obesity is avoided and regular exercise is taken.

Regular monitoring at doctors clinics also has a beneficial effect by encouraging patients to adopt the preventative measures required and also allows management of patients to prevent onset of complications at are so costly to treat.

Benefits You May Get From Cardio Training

Cardio training or aerobic exercise is any activity that employs the use of considerably large groups of muscles in a continuous and rhythmic manner throughout certain periods of time. The most common examples of which are running, skiing, skating, sprinting, tae bo, elliptical training, walking, rowing, and biking. In some cases, circuit training is also categorized as cardio training since it requires continuous movements from one form of exercise to another.

In essence, cardio training works by elevating the maximum heartbeat the organ may reach somewhere around 65-80%. This state is called aerobic or heart beat state because only in here, and in some special instances will the heart reach such great increase in heart rate.

As we all know, there are many benefits that may be had with cardio training. Aside from strengthening and raising the level of endurance of the heart and the lungs, cardio training also helps burn unwanted fats and calories. And since heart problems are one of the major contributing factors to prevalent premature death among men and women, it is extremely important to get involved with any forms of cardio vascular training.

Experts would recommend a minimum of 25 minutes up to 60 minutes of cardio training per session. And there should be a minimum of three sessions in a week and a maximum of five. Being that the normal session should range for around 30 to 40 minutes.

Most people perform cardio training to burn excess calories. With obesity as one of the leading health problems in the Western world today, people are seriously considering doing cardio workouts since they burn much more fats and carbohydrates in so little span of time. But it must be noted that the amount of calories burned during cardio training will always be dependent on the body weight of the exerciser, the intensity of his workouts and the type of activity he does.

Since cardio training is almost always interchangeable with aerobics exercises, it is better to give you a view of what aerobics exercises really are.

Simply put, aerobics exercise is a series of rhythmic exercises that involve large muscle groups (much like with the definition we have for cardio training). The only difference thereof is that aerobics exercises are usually performed along with music in a class of exercisers. But for the majority of active participants, aerobics is much more than that. It is a lifestyle and a philosophy at the same time. On one hand, it is a modernized category of entire body exercise. On another, it is a form of exercise that is both motivating and fun.

Aerobics exercises are ways to improve coordination, mobility and muscle strength along with a number of other things such as psychological and physiological well-being. This form of exercise provide a large host of benefits such as improving your over-all fitness, burning of calories, lowering your susceptibility against developing cardiac arrests and other forms of heart problems. It also increases your mobility, muscle endurance, body postures, reduces stress and alleviate self-esteem by helping you manage your weight properly.

Because cardio training is extremely popular among exercisers, it now has developed numerous sets of styles and procedures that cater almost all the requirements if each individual. Yet, all these may be futile if the motivation of the person himself towards performing cardio training is lacking.

Natural Fat Losing Supplement With Evodiamine From Fruits Of Evodia Rutaecarpa

Evodiamine, from the fruit of the Evodia rutaecarpa, is one of a number of new fat reducing supplements being studied.

In scientific terms, evodiamine is a bioactive alkaloid extract that, like capsaicin, can raise body temperature and help burn fat. In fact, Chinese herbalists have used it for centuries for weight loss.

It's not quite understood how it works, but it may work on thermogenesis functions similar to capsaicin. In mice, a mechanism called uncoupling protein-1 was knocked out so that it no longer worked and then were fed a high-fat diet. They were also given evodiamine for two months; these mice showed profiles similar to control mice. Therefore, there are likely other factors in control as well.

There have been no human studies as yet, but in laboratory mice, evodiamine appears to raise body temperature, and can also increase the fat burning rate. In some investigations, laboratory animals that were fed a high-fat diet along with evodiamine lost rather than gained weight.

It's a mild stimulant that helps promote energy and is also a mild diuretic. This can be helpful in regard to bodybuilding products because it can provide energy to help you boost your workout endurance. It may also help reduce body fat, which in turn will increase muscle definition.

There have not been enough studies done yet to know if there are any long-term side effects; nor is a safety profile firmly established; as said previously, human trials have not commenced at all. However, it does appear to have anti-obesity effects, which may also make it useful long-term for obesity and not just as a natural fat reducing supplement for bodybuilders.

Until further studies have been done, it is recommended that you consult with your doctor before taking it. Even though Chinese herbalists have used it for centuries in regard to weight loss, its Western medical profile is yet to be determined. In that regard, based upon animal studies, it does appear to be safe and effective, but cannot be guaranteed so until human trials have commenced.

Spit in the Soup! A Strategy for Defiant Behavior

Picture yourself having lunch with a friend. Right in the middle of the meal, you lean over and spit in their soup.

There's probably a lot you could say, but you could never say, "Oh, I'm sorry; that was an accident." It's a provocative gesture that can't be explained as anything but intentional.

I'm not certain what your friend will do or say in response to such a gesture, but it will definitely be something that was far from their mind when they sat down to lunch.

Think about that for a moment. Spitting in your friend's soup brings a change in their behavior that you control for the moment. When used with an oppositional and defiant son or daughter, a Spit in the Soup gesture can provoke a positive change in their behavior.

Spit in the Soup addresses three strong characteristics of defiant youngsters:

1. They honestly believe everything they do is spontaneous and unique. Fortunately for us, their behavior is predictable.

2. A lot of their defiant behavior is of the indirect and "sneaky" variety. If "I didn't know... " or "I forgot" can be eliminated as excuses, behavior and compliance often improve.

3. They delight in pulling their parents into a war of words. Verbal backlash is their specialty.

As you will see the following, a Spit in the Soup intervention addresses all three of these characteristics: It's proactive, it manages excuses, and it's nonverbal. Best of all, it addresses all three characteristics with a measure of well-intended humor.

Mom's Survey (Intervention #1): Mom smiles at Tommy as she hands him this "survey" and a pencil at breakfast:

Tommy: At 7:00pm we're going over to the Smiths' house for dinner. The last time we went over there, you were 20 minutes late getting home, and we had to wait on you. It was not a pleasant evening for any of us.

I was just wondering... should I worry about you being late again? Please put your initials in one of the answers below:

___No problem, Mom. I will be ready to go at 7:00pm.

___You can count on me being late again.

A Letter from Victor (Intervention #2): As Sarah comes home from school, Mom hands her a letter. It's addressed to Sarah in a large, child-like script. She opens the letter to read:

Sarah: Please help me! I'm sitting here in the closet. It's so dark and lonely in here. Sarah, I haven't had any exercise or companionship in a long, long time. Before you start on your homework, would you take me out of the closet and run me over the carpet in the den? Would you help me, Sarah? Please? --Victor the Vacuum

Although there's no guarantee either of these Spit in the Soup approaches will work every time, they are noncoercive. That can spare a lot of grief. Besides, if confronted about a note, a parent could reply, "It thought it might be better to remind you in a fun way than for us to get upset with each other."

It would be difficult to argue with that. ###

Reasons For Having Your Blood Pressure Checked Regularly

If you are a hypertension sufferer and you know it, the chances are that you are controlling it by having your blood pressure checked regularly and adjusting your lifestyle accordingly.

But statistics tell us that up to 30% of the sufferers worldwide are unaware that they are a victim of hypertension.

There are many signs and symptoms of hypertension or high blood pressure but in a lot of cases the first sign you receive is to suffer a heart attack. Having your blood pressure checked regularly can avert any shocks like this and avoid such a life threatening illness.

Due to the pace of life today, the fast food culture that we embrace together with a lack of any type of physical exercise, your body is suffering like never before.

Just after the Second World War, obesity was unheard of. Now we read of hospitals refusing to treat patients until they lose weight and people so obese that they cannot move unaided. Likewise child obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is an embarrassment to the governments of the developed countries in the world.

It is not a surprise to find out that as many as 25% of the population of the western world suffers from hypertension and that death through heart disease is rising at an alarming rate.

Obesity can be one of the causes of high blood pressure along with smoking and alcohol abuse. The only way to overcome the damage that has been caused by this abuse is to learn ways in controlling hypertension.

Putting this much strain on your heart daily will obviously weaken and / or put unnecessary strain on it. There may be a number of parts of the body that you could do without but the heart is not one of them. It needs to be cared for and checked regularly.

Many people have gone on to lead a normal life after their first heart attack. On the contrary, many people have died as a result of their first heart attack.

Is it worth taking a chance? Is it worth gambling with your health?

By having your blood pressure checked regularly and taking notice of the advice given to you by your doctor, there would be no need to gamble with your health at all!

Type 2 Diabetes - Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia!

Complications from Type 2 diabetes can also cause many side effects. While some are more commonly known, there are others an individual may be experiencing and not even know they are related to their disease. Some complications often overlooked are:

• polyuria,


• polydipsia, and


• polyphagia.

In all three of these conditions, the first part of the words, "poly", means too much of something.

1. In polyuria, it refers to when an individual urinates excessively or has increased urination. What is considered excessive or increased urination? The average amount of urine expelled is considered to be around 3 liters per day for adults and 2 liters per day for a child.

This condition can be due to a defect in the water balance of an individual who does not have control of their Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. But it can also be due to polydipsia, which refers to excessive thirst.

2. Polydipsia can be found in both children and adults, but is most often found in middle-aged women or with individuals who are taking certain medications. Certain medications can have their own side effect of giving the sensation of having a dry mouth.

But there is another cause for this condition and it has to do with the presence of hypothalamic lesions that work directly against the thirst sensation. These lesions are often associated with certain medical conditions such as sarcoidosis, which is inflammation of certain areas of the body, most often the lymph nodes, liver, lungs and other tissues.

It also occurs when individual are not taking their Type 2 diabetes medication correctly, or when the prescribed doses are no longer effective. Regardless of the cause, this is a condition that can become very serious. If the body is consuming far more liquid that it is effectively able to excrete, then the individual's serum sodium level can become dangerously high, resulting in possible seizures and even cardiac arrest.

3. Polyphagia: The last of the conditions, known as polyphagia, has to do with an individual having an excessive appetite or enormous feelings of hunger. In relation to diabetes, this condition occurs when the body's cells are not getting enough glucose, or sugar. It can be due to the body either being resistant to insulin so the sugar that is "knocking" at the cell's doors and cannot be processed, or the body is simply not able to produce enough insulin for its needs. This causes the sensation of feeling hungry.

A person with this condition goes through a vicious, and often uncontrollable cycle. They eat large quantities of food from which excess sugars are flushed out in their urine. The energy the body would have benefited from is gone, the cell's cannot absorb sugar, so the body reacts in the only way it knows, which is to feel hungry. Polyphaiga is most commonly found in diabetics, Type 2 diabetics. Unfortunately, this is also probably the most difficult to prevent.

Vitamin B12 and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in most industrialized western countries today. Among the better known risk factors for cardiovascular disease are elevated high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. However, a lesser known risk factor is elevated levels of homocysteine, a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid. Having an elevated homocysteine level is not only a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but has also been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.

In a healthy person, excess homocysteine is naturally metabolized by the body, keeping the basic level steady. B12, along with folic acid and Vitamin B6, plays a key role in this metabolizing process. As a consequence, having a Vitamin B12 deficiency can directly result in the decreased metabolizing of homocysteine and elevated levels building up in the body. Further, several clinical trials and studies have shown that increasing the amount of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid ingested by patients with elevated homocysteine levels directly impacted the condition and reduced the levels. Although Vitamin B12 has been undeniably shown to decrease homocysteine levels and this is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; in several large clinical trials the decrease in homocysteine level did not appear to have any impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Although the large clinical trials have shown that decreased levels of homocysteine caused by taking additional amounts of B12 did not reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular disease, it did decrease the risk of stroke. Stroke is the second largest cause of death in the world and the decreased homocysteine levels resulting from taking Vitamin B12 did reduce this risk in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 clinical trial which involved 5,522 patients over the age of 54 for a period covering five years. In this trial, the patients took one milligram of Vitamin B12, along with two and half milligrams of Vitamin B6 and fifty milligrams of folic acid.

Although taking Vitamin B12 does not appear to play an important role in the overall risk of cardiovascular disease - contrary to some claims made by salemen - it does appear to have a tangible value in reducing the risk of stroke. Further, since excess Vitamin B12 is excreted harmlessly, there appears to be no harm in taking large doses of Vitamin B12 in order to ensure that your body is getting all that it needs to keep homocysteine levels under control and reduce the risk of having a stroke.

Leg Ulcers - Types of Ulcers, Their Causes, Treatment Options and Means of Prevention

Ulcers are breaks in the layers of the skin, which subsequently fail to heal spontaneously. They may be accompanied by inflammation. Sometimes the failure to resolve becomes long-term. This is known as Chronic Ulceration.

Whilst ulcers can occur anywhere, we shall limit this discussion to leg and foot ulcers.

Leg ulcers are a very serious condition that can be both soul destroying for the patient as well as being painful, unsightly and notoriously difficult to treat.

People with diabetes are at special risk of developing foot ulcers, and foot care is an important part of diabetes management.

The causes of leg ulceration?

In general, the reason for chronic leg ulceration is poor blood circulation with in the legs. These are known as Arterial and Venous Leg Ulcers. However there are a range of causes for that poor circulation. These include:

• Injuries - termed 'Traumatic Ulcers'


• Diabetes - a combination of reduced blood circulation and loss of sensation due to nerve damage resulting in pressure ulcers


• Certain skin conditions and Tumours


• Vascular diseases; including stroke, angina, heart attack, all of which result in reduced circulation.


• Infections, which hamper the bodies own repair pathways.

Arterial leg ulcers.

These account for about 10 per cent of all incidences of leg ulceration. They can be painful, with the pain increasing when the legs are elevated or at rest The patent's legs and feet often feel cold to the touch, with a bluish-white, shiny, appearance.

Pain is often alleviated by allowing gravity to improve the flow of blood to the legs, by sitting on the edge of a chair or bed with feet on the floor

The major cause for arterial leg ulcers is narrowing of the arteries - called 'Atherosclerosis'.

This can be caused by a variety of risk factors, such as:

• Long-standing diabetes.


• Obesity


• Smoking


• High blood pressure


• Coronary heart Disease and thrombosis


• Rheumatoid Arthritis

As a result of the atherosclerosis, people with arterial leg ulcerations often suffer from intermittent claudication. This is cramp-like pains in the legs when walking as a result of inadequate blood supply.

Diabetes and leg ulcers. As well as arteriosclerosis, Diabetes can result in damage to the nerve endings with in the lower limb. This can have a two fold impact on ulceration: First, trauma to the limbs becomes more likely due to the lack of sensation, and second, since no pain is felt, the injuries can go untreated and chronic ulceration result.

Prevent of arterial leg ulcers. Some preventative options jump out at you:

Reduction in weight and fat intake, stopping smoking and increasing exercise act to reduce many of the risk factors shown above.

And, for those suffering from Diabetes, continued health-care monitoring to identify ulcer formation and other health complications as soon as possible and ensure early preventative treatment.

Venous leg ulcers

Venous leg ulcers represent by far the largest group of ulcer cases, accounting for approximately 70 per cent of all leg ulcers.

The sufferer presents with a swollen leg, with dry, itchy, sometimes brown, skin surrounding the ulcer. Eczema is a common complication and the ulcer may be weeping but, although it can look raw, is often painless unless there is associated infection.

Venous leg ulcers are common on the inside of the leg, above the ankle.

The most common cause of venous leg ulcers is failure of the valves connecting the superficial and deep veins. These valves are designed to ensure flow of blood from the superficial to the deep veins, form where it is pumped out of the leg

Valve failure causes the blood to flow from the deep veins back out to the superficial ones, which also causes varicose veins.

A range of predisposing factors can cause or worsen venous leg ulcers. These include:

• Trauma or Surgery


• Obesity and prolonged sitting or standing


• A blood clot in the deep veins (deep vein thrombosis).


• Inflammation in the veins (phlebitis),.


• Pregnancy

Prevention of leg ulcers is best achieved by increased exercise, especially movement of the calf muscles, weight reduction and reduced fat intake.

Support stockings (Compression Hosiery) may be useful, after medical approval. Compression Hosiery is avoid in arterial leg ulcers as it can further restrict the amount of blood reaching the extremity.

Diagnosis of leg ulcers The appearance and location of the ulcer is usually sufficient to determine the type of ulceration involved.

Follow-up examinations such as a Duplex Ultrasound scan can be used to identifying underlying problems such as Deep vein Thrombosis.

To check the degree of impairment of blood flow I the legs, the blood pressure of the legs is compared to that of the arm.

Treatment of leg Ulcers Vascular surgeons who deal with leg ulcers will want o know the underlying cause before they treat the ulcer itself. In many cases, there may be more than one cause

In many cases, successful treatment of the underlying cause will ensure the successful resolution of the ulceration. In the mean time it might be necessary to introduce a regime of wound cleaning and taking anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent exacerbation of the ulcers.

Vascular surgery may be necessary for arterial leg ulcers, to distend the artery diameter using 'balloon angioplasty' for instance, or more in-depth 'by-pass surgery'..

Plastic surgery may be used to close the ulcer and assist in its healing and cosmetic appearance.

Leg ulcers may recur, particularly in the elderly, sometimes requiring years of treatment.

Whilst it is usually very clear who has an ulcer, it can be very difficult to assess patients to determine who is at risk of developing an ulcer.

However, with the improvement in vein surgery and patient awareness through the Internet it is becoming increasing evident that patients are researching their condition and seeking there own treatment options.

The people who are most at risk of ulceration are the people who have the underlying venous problem but are not on a treatment regime. For instance, those with failing valves in their veins, but no visible signs of varicose veins as yet. They might have inflammation of the skin and discoloration of the skins with red or brown patches apparent. This is called 'Lipomatosclerosis'. If this staining is not treated, it progressively worsens and causes 'Haemosiderin', dark brown staining. If this is also left untreated then white patches form within the staining which break down and causes ulceration.

Are You Insulin Resistant?

Do you have the signs of being Insulin Resistant? Are you pre-diabetic?

Do you have heart disease, high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels?

Are you gaining weight around your middle even though you're dieting?

Are you depressed or chronically tired?

Do you have Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

Do you have non-viral Chronic Fatigue or Fibro-myalgia?

If you have one or more of these symptoms, you just might be Insulin Resistant.

What is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by your pancreas to help the body to utilise sugars in your diet, it helps the glucose (sugar) pass from your blood into your cells. Once it is in your cells, it is either used to fuel muscles or stored as fat for future needs.

Insulin resistance happens when a diet high in carbohydrates forces the cells to resist the flood of carbohydrates and all that glucose just stays in the blood, and not only do you now have high blood sugar which is the forerunner to diabetes, the pancreas continues to produce more insulin and you now have insulin overload as well.

What are the symptoms of Insulin Resistance?

1. Fatigue


2. Brain fogginess and inability to focus. Sometimes the fatigue is physical, but often it's mental


3. Low blood sugar. Mild, brief periods of low blood sugar are normal during the day, especially if meals are not eaten on a regular schedule. But prolonged hypoglycaemia with some of the symptoms listed here, especially physical and mental fatigue, are not normal. Feeling agitated, jittery, moody, nauseated, or having a headache is common in Insulin Resistance, with almost immediate relief once food is eaten


4. Intestinal bloating. Most intestinal gas is produced from carbohydrates in the diet. Insulin Resistance sufferers who eat carbohydrates suffer from gas, lots of it


5. Sleepiness. Many people with Insulin Resistance get sleepy immediately after eating a meal containing more than 20% or 30% carbohydrates


6. Weight gain, fat storage, difficulty losing weight. For most people, too much weight is too much fat. The fat in IR is generally stored around the midsection in both males and females


7. Increased triglycerides


8. Increased blood pressure. It is a fact that most people with hypertension have too much insulin and are Insulin Resistant. It is often possible to show a direct relationship between the level of insulin and blood pressure: as insulin levels elevate so does blood pressure


9. Depression. Because carbohydrates are a natural "downer," depressing the brain, it is not uncommon to see many depressed persons who also have Insulin Resistance.**

Other Signs of Metabolic Syndrome

WHO Criteria - the World Health Organization bases it's definition on the above, plus two of the following:

• High blood pressure (>=140 mm Hg systolic or >=90 mm Hg diastolic) or taking blood pressure medication


• Plasma triglycerides >=150 mg/dL (>=1.7 mmol/L)


• HDL cholesterol
  


• BMI greater than 30 and/or waist:hip ratio >0.9 in men, >0.85 in women


• Urinary albumin excretion rate >=20 µg/min or albumin:creatinine ratio >=30 mg/g

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists criteria are similar, but with some different cutoffs, and no particular number of factors required for diagnosis:

• High blood pressure (>=130 mm Hg systolic or >=85 mm Hg diastolic) or taking blood pressure medication


• Plasma triglycerides >=150 mg/dL (>=1.7 mmol/L)


• HDL cholesterol
  


• BMI greater than 25

Other risk factors including:

• Family history of Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease


• Ethnic groups with an increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease


• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)


• Sedentary lifestyle


• Advancing age

How is it diagnosed?

First of all see your doctor, for a full panel of tests, including:

A Glucose Tolerance Test (2 hour), Lipid Profile (LDL, HDL, Cholesterol, Triglycerides), Insulin Levels (you may show both high blood sugar and high Insulin)

And may include:

Plasma Cortisol, Catecholamines, Blood Pressure test, Full Blood profile, C-Peptide

What can be done?

First of all the good news is Insulin Resistance can be controlled by diet, this is a whole new lifestyle, not a diet that you do for a few weeks or months. A whole new way of eating and exercising is needed. If you need more help there are some drug treatments and supplements that can greatly help with the challenge of getting your insulin and blood sugar under control. The great new is that once you have changed your lifestyle, most if not all of your previous health challenges will often disappear completely. For more information on Insulin Resistance and the Lifestyle choices you need to make please see "Sick, Tired and Overweight" and "A Rainbow on My Plate" on our website.

**This is not a guide to the various types of depression and in no way constitutes a medical diagnosis or recommendation.

Quick Guide to Metabolic Syndrome

Symptoms and Markers

• Growing waist measurement (Buddha Belly)


• High blood pressure


• Heart and Circulatory problems


• Inflammation (pain e.g. muscles, arthritis, etc..)


• Low energy (chronic fatigue)


• Depression


• Hypo/Hyperglycaemia (blood sugar irregularites)


• Diabetes


• PCOS


• Brain Fog


• High Cholesterol and LDL's


• Weight gain that is difficult to budge

Some Recommendations

• Low Carbohydrate lifestyle (Rainbow on My Plate)


• Exercise regularly


• Drink Water (1.5 ltr to 3.0 ltr per day)


• See your doctor (monitoring, blood tests, insulin sensitising drugs)


• Supplements (Chromium, Fish Oil)

Check out more information on our site: [http://health-fitness-videos.com/]

How Common Are False Positive Tests: PAP Smears

It is more difficult to talk about the false positive rate for Pap smears because there are two types of abnormal results. First, roughly 10 percent of Pap smears need to be repeated because of inflammatory changes, generally related to infection. Here, age is again an important variable: adolescents have a false positive rate of more than 15 percent, whereas for women over 60 it is less than 5 percent.

Second, around 5 percent of women undergoing a Pap smear will be told they have a cellular abnormality that is potentially worrisome for cancer. This number also varies by age. Among adolescents the proportion of smears diagnosed with ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of unknown significance) or SIL (squamous intraepithelial lesion) has been reported to be as high as 14 percent. Since almost no women with ASCUS and SIL have or will develop invasive cervical cancer, virtually all of these test results can be considered false positives. However, many of these abnormalities end up being treated, so the problem can also be characterized as unnecessary diagnosis.(Though to be fair, the treatment is fairly simple, often consisting of freezing part of the cervix, much as is done for pre-cancers of the skin.)

So there you have it: our four major screening tests-all of which can, and do, render false positive results. (If you want a rule of thumb for the frequency of false positive cancer tests, put it somewhere between 5 and 10 percent.) In fact, a positive screening test is much more likely to be a false positive than a cancer, generally speaking. So if you receive a worrisome screening test result, just remember: chances are good it is incorrect.

What Is the American Dream? What Happened to It? Does It Exist?

The term "American Dream" was first used by James Adams in his book the Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states the American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement...It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position." A grand dream, truly it is, what right-minded person would not wish to reach their full capacity. However, upon a closer glance one will see he did not say, "A place where each man and woman obtains their fullest stature", instead he says, "A place where each man and woman SHALL BE ABLE TO ATTAIN their fullest stature". He speaks not of a guarantee of obtaining that which one seeks (in this case, their full stature), but rather the guarantee of the means to obtain it, the American Dream is opportunity.

Bearing this in mind, one sees that the question has ceased to be, "Does the American dream exist", and it has evolved into, "Is the American dream given". It is at this point that my doubts begin to arise. The opportunity to become all that one is innately capable of is only truly grasped if one has been fully educated and well informed as to what they are and what they are capable of being, it is useless to give them any opportunity otherwise. Now we must ask ourselves, "Have we equipped the American citizen with that which is necessary in order for them to fully take advantage of the opportunities endowed upon them." We need only look to the American citizens for the answer of whether or not we have achieved it, only if our forefathers dreamt of a land with the highest dropout rates, only if those seeking a better life on this land close their eyes and hope that we maintain our reputation for the highest teen pregnancy and obesity numbers can we say that we have succeeded in bringing about the true image of the American dream.

We clearly have neglected something. Yet some are dumb-founded at the idea that they might have overlooked something; they begin to tally up the efforts they put forth to assist in managing these numbers such as informing the people of the effects of too much junk food or of the success obtained through the labors put into education and the benefits of acting on the alternative of protected sex, "what could I have possibly neglected", one may ask themselves. However, let us look closer into their endeavors. They attempted to alter their state of behavior by presenting them with the logical benefits of acting on these alternatives in hopes that their common sense would take over and complete the persuasion. Yet this method has only limited success, as shown by our citizens, and it is here that I begin to address what I believe to be the threat to the existence of the American dream as well as why I believe this method may not suffice. We have neglected our morality.

One can already see the people's eyes rolling at the mere mention of this word; much associate morality with religion and with the thought of religion in modern day is included the image of a wrinkled old man in a white robe armed with an arsenal of threats of our damnation. Religion is not necessarily what I speak of however. Let us once again look the endeavors of one trying to improve another's behavior using logic. They hope to inform them of the facts of their decisions, as we have said. Frankly speaking, they wish to call upon their morality by addressing them as if they were a blank textbook that need only be filled some facts in order to live up to their capacity. They speak to the slothful not of the zeal in the earnestness found in the diligence of one's education; instead they speak only of the money and the job opportunities that arise from having completed an education. They speak to the glutton not of the self-worth or the true relish that comes in the act of temperance; instead they speak only of the calorie intake and the shortened life span. In other words, they do not educate them in terms of morality; they may have attempted to imply the idea of morality by explaining its forms, but ultimately the individual is left to just "pick up" on the idea of it on their own. As if to show a child that water will extinguish flame but omit the information of where water is to be found.

Even the most agnostic of us can see that we are more than sacks of meat; we are moral beings, not necessarily religious-wise, but we are conscious of at least the idea of right and wrong. Yet very little progress has been done to bring about this concept to the masses, mostly out of fear of offending another's perspective or a disagreement of right and wrong. An understandable argument I'm sure. However it is truly justified only if we are putting forth genuine effort to overcome these obstacles and bring this idea to light, elsewise we are but a failing high school student that fails not because he is mentally incapable, an understandable justification, but because his indifference prevents him from even attempting. The American dream is the opportunity to become all that one is capable of. The American dream is rooted to the human dream, and the human dream can never be attained as long as we continue to hold back the idea of the moral consciousness that is inherently a fixture in our natures. The prerogative to reach one's full stature will always at one's disposal, just not always in sight. It is because of this that makes it difficult to answer the question, "Does the American dream exist?" Perhaps it does, perhaps it has just been misplaced, or perhaps it really doesn't exist, I'm not certain what to believe. But I do believe this, if the American dream has become lost, it is because so too has our humanity.

3 Steps on Cancer Prevention

Cancer prevention is a popular topic that people wish me to write more. This is the best possible way to reduce the death rate of cancer worldwide. According to "Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention," written by David S. A. and Lisa M. H., cancer prevention research can be divided to 3 approaches to target different aspects in order to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary prevention.

Primary Cancer Prevention

Primary prevention is an approach to reduce the impact of carcinogens. We can do this through administration of a chemopreventive agent or remove the environmental carcinogens. The main aim of primary prevention is to prevent a cancer from the very beginning to the developing by reducing individual risk.

There are many primary prevention methods which include the lifestyle modification or interventions that modify risk. These methods will become more effective if those cancers in which causes are known.

Below are some of the factors that can help to reduce overall cancer incidence:

i. Minimize the exposure to carcinogens. For example, we should avoid from consuming tobacco which contains carcinogen.

ii. Dietary modification. For example, we should take balanced meal and reduce the consuming of salt, sugar and high cholesterol foods.

iii. Increasing physical activity. For example, we should do some exercises during our daily life like jogging, swimming and so on to keep our body fit.

As we all know, unhealthy diet and tobacco use are the leading risk factors for cancer. Smoking cessation is the best way to avoid ourselves from cancer developing. Benefits of quitting smoking begin within the first year of stopping and continue to increase. If you wish to know more about the benefits of smoking cessation, you may read the 15 Benefits of Smoking Cessation. In addition, the role of diet, nutrition and maintaining a healthy body weight is critical to lessen the cancer risk.

Secondary Cancer Prevention

Secondary prevention is an approach to detect the abnormal changes at the beginning of the development of malignancy. It involves screening and early detection methods like mammogram, pap test and so on. This can help us to identify any abnormal changes of our body before they become cancerous. Therefore, it is effective to prevent cancer from fully developing. Sometimes, secondary cancer prevention can involve the treatment of precancerous lesions in an attempt to reverse carcinogenesis so that the lesion can regress.

Tertiary Cancer Prevention

Tertiary prevention is an approach to control the cancer and prevention of disease-related complications. It involves a variety of aspects of patient care such as quality of life, adjuvant therapies, surgical intervention and palliative care.

In conclusion, we can see that the primary cancer prevention is the main role of cancer prevention. Unfortunately, the primary prevention research and efforts are largely underfunded. This lack of prioritization cause the delays in improving and delivering early detection and prevention methods that can save millions of lives.

The Active Lifestyle

Active lifestyles lead to so many good things. Having such a lifestyle is good for your health and fun. Achieving an active, balanced lifestyle involves balancing many things: physical activity, food and beverage choices, sleep, and even your overall outlook on life. If you pursue an active lifestyle, you will find that you have more energy, look better, feel better, and sleep better. Exercise is not a cure all, but it does help with a lot of things. Life is short, so enjoy.

Try some new ways to enjoy an active lifestyle, with these ideas in mind:

Every Step Counts:

Becoming more active can be as easy as taking one step at a time. Lazy and active are two totally different ways to look at life. Active people take up to 12,000 steps per day. Imagine how much that can help your diet and keep your heart strong. Small steps add up.

Active Children:

Turn your child's playfulness into a love of activity. Start young and you will not have to worry about raising your own coach potato that never sees the sun except when they are on the way to school. Encourage your children to get outside and play with others. It is also OK to be active with you children too, do not just rely on them to entertain themselves, family events work great.

Active Family:

Try these simple tips to keep your family moving. Schedule a regular time for family physical activity. Keep family activities fun rather than competitive. A few examples are to mark the local pool's "family swim" times on your calendar. How about joining a family friendly activity that will help you burn calories, work on confidence, and build flexibility: Martial Arts. Or hey, you can just go out and play catch, anything is a good start to help stay away from the path of inactivity and obesity. Vigorous active lifestyle keeps people thin with age. People who maintain an active lifestyle as they age gain less weight than people who do not. Getting people, especially children to commit to an active lifestyle while young and lean will go a long way to reducing the obesity epidemic in this country.

Summary:

If you get in to the habit of making each day active; you will find that you won't want to sit around. If you start being more active now, each day will get a little easier until it becomes second nature. You may not feel as great at first as your body adjusts, but you will thank yourself for the rest of your life for being active, and if you have children, involve them and they will thank you one day too. The active person wakes up early everyday with something to look forward to. Set yourself up for that positive outlook today.

Eating Pistachio's Helps Increase Testosterone and Cholesterol

I am sure you wouldn't believe this if it wasn't coming out of a great University like Penn State, but it is true. To the surprise of the researchers, the low-fat diet had no effect on LDL cholesterol levels.

Most "Health" Organizations and Associations tout the benefits of a low fat, high carbohydrate diets. But, as we have seen in other research that the healthiest diet of all is a high fat low carb eating plan, that actually boosts testosterone, growth hormone, and other "Life Hormones".

 The participants spent the first two weeks of the study eating the typical American diet. Following this, they spent a month eating a low-fat, pistachio-free diet. The next month, they followed a healthy diet that included one daily serving of pistachio nuts. And in the last month of the study they continued their healthy diet habits, but this time ate two daily servings of pistachios. All of the diets provided the same amount of saturated fat and cholesterol, but different amounts of unsaturated fat delivered by the pistachios.

 Results showed that the participants LDL cholesterol levels fell when they ate pistachios. LDL cholesterol fell by 9% during the month that participants ate one serving of the nuts, and 12% in the month in which they ate two daily servings. The drop in cholesterol levels was not enough to put participants LDL cholesterol into the optimal range, but it was enough to get them out of the borderline-high category.

 This is just more research that proves that the low-fat, high-carb diets are actually less beneficial to your heart health than a high-fat, low-carb diet.

Remember stick to whole natural foods, getting plenty of protein and fat from animal sources, avoiding processed carbohydrates that spike insulin, and increase the rate you get and feel old.